In oral surgery, there is a multitude of bone augmentation techniques and biomaterials choices. Autogenous bone is considered the gold standard in bone graft due to its biocompatibility, osteoinduction, osteoconduction and osteogenic properties. An alternative to autogenous bone grafting is the guided bone regeneration technique.

The objective of this review is to compare the results of implant survival in an autogenous bone block compared to those in a graft by guided bone regeneration. An electronic search in PubMed Central's database was performed. The search strategy was limited to human studies, full-text English or French articles published from 1996 until may 2020. All types of autogenous bone block and guided bone regeneration techniques were evaluated. In total 16 articles were included. The overall survival rate of implants was 97,9% in autogenous block (range: 95.6–100%) and 98,5% (range: 94.4–100%) in GBR. The implant survival rate does not differ between the two types of bone graft in a guided bone regeneration or in an autogenous bone block. They are comparable to the current literature data. The choice of an appropriate treatment is based on several factors related to the patient and the anatomy of the defects.