L'objectif était d'évaluer l'efficacité de la résection d'hémivertèbre dans la scoliose ou cypho-scoliose congénitale.

Au sein d'une série de 80 hémivertèbres réséquées par un double abord postérieur et antérieur à un âge moyen de 3,8 ans, 15 patients arrivés à maturité osseuse (Risser 4 ou 5) ont été évalués rétrospectivement.

Le suivi moyen est de 12,1 ans. La scoliose segmentaire s'est améliorée de 70,5 % de 30,2° à 8,9° au dernier suivi, tandis que la scoliose totale s'est améliorée de 58,7 % de 30,5° à 12,6°. Le déséquilibre réel du tronc s'est amélioré de 21 % à 9 %. Toutes ces différences sont significatives.

La correction d'une scoliose congénitale évolutive doit être réalisée très tôt pour prévenir une déformation sévère nécessitant une procédure lourde et dangereuse.

La résection d'hémivertèbre par un double abord est une procédure peu dangereuse et efficace pour corriger la déformation. Le résultat obtenu est stable dans le temps.

The natural history of congenital scoliosis or kypho-scoliosis resulting from a hemivertebra is well documented. The spinal deformation generally worsens in children with a free or semi-segmented hemivertebra situated in the thoraco-lumbar, lumbar or lumbosacral region.

From 1982 to 1997, fifteen pediatric patients with 15 hemivertebrae causing progressive scoliosis or kypho-scolisosis underwent hemivertebral resection via a double posterior and anterior approach associated with convex fusion. Mean age at surgery was 4.4 years. The fifteen patients were reviewed at bone maturity (Risser 4 or 5) to assess outcome.

Genitourinary tract anomalies were associated in five of the 15 patients and intrathecal anomalies in two. Mean follow-up was 12.1 years. Segmental scoliosis was 30.2° preoperatively, 12.3° postoperatively and 8.9° at last follow-up. The values for total scoliosis were 30.5°, 12.3° and 12.6° respectively. This was a 70.5% improvement at last follow-up for segmental scoliosis and 58.7% for total scoliosis. The real trunk imbalance improved from 31% preoperatively to 9% at last follow-up. All these differences were significant.

The main objective of surgical treatment for congenital scoliosis due to hemivertebra is to prevent the development of severe deformation which would necessitate a dangerous and difficult procedure to achieve correction. Resection of the hemivertebra via a double approach is the ideal method for early correction. The procedure not only corrects the spinal deformation but also prevents later deterioration. Correction should be performed as early as possible. The result is sustained over time if there is no other associated spinal anomaly. The procedure is safe and the technique well controlled in experimented hands. Patients need to wear a corset for only six months after resection of the hemivertebra.