evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of computer-guided sodium hyaluronate injection in superior joint space compared to conventional injection for the treatment of TMJ Internal Derangement (TMJ-ID).

Randomized controlled trial conducted on 40 patients diagnosed with bilateral TMJ-ID divided into two groups. Group A treated with four computer-guided sodium hyaluronate injections in superior TMJ space with one-week intervals. Group B received similar injections but with the conventional method. The intraoperative assessment included total procedural time and patient convenience during the injection. The postoperative evaluation included maximum unassisted mouth opening (MUMO), modified Helkimo's clinical dysfunction index, and pain intensity on a visual analog scale (VAS).

Group A showed better improvement in maximum mouth opening and pain intensity than group B after a week of the second, third and fourth injection. At the six months, group A continued to show better improvement regarding maximum mouth opening, while improvement in pain and TMJ dysfunction was similar in both groups. There were differences between both groups regarding procedural time and patient convenience across the study except the time of the first injection, which was similar in both groups

Using the virtual planning and injection guide for intra-articular TMJ injection is considered promising to increase the accuracy and efficacy of injectable material securing faster results besides rendering the procedure easily reproducible and simpler to both clinicians and patients. However, the authors could not ensure the long-term superiority of the computer-guided injection technique over the conventional one in light of the results of this study.