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Reorganizing brain structure through olfactory training in post-traumatic smell impairment: An MRI study - 18/06/22

Doi : 10.1016/j.neurad.2021.04.035 
Abolhasan Rezaeyan a, Somayeh Asadi a, S. Kamran Kamrava b, Samideh Khoei a, c, Arash Zare-Sadeghi a, c,
a Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran 
b ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran 
c Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran 

Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.Department of Medical PhysicsSchool of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesShahid Hemmat HighwayTehran1449614535Iran

Graphical abstract




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Highlights

An increase in cortical thickness and GM density in olfactory and other brain areas was detected using SBM and VBM methods.
VBM method detects the thickening of the right superior and middle frontal gyrus, and bilateral cerebellums by COT method.
SBM method shows the right-sided thickening of the orbital frontal cortex and insular cortex through MOT method.

El texto completo de este artículo está disponible en PDF.

Abstract

Purpose and background

Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction (PTOD), mostly caused by head injury, is thought to be associated with changes in the structure and function of the brain olfactory processing areas. Training and repeated exposure to odorants lead to enhanced olfactory capability. This study investigated the effects of a 16-weeks olfactory training (OT) on olfactory function and brain structure.

Methods

Twenty-five patients with PTOD were randomly divided in three groups: (1) 9 control patients who did not receive any training, (2) 9 patients underwent classical OT by 4 fixed odors, and (3) 7 patients underwent modified OT coming across 4 sets of 4 different odors sequentially. Before and after the training period, all patients performed olfactory function tests and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sniffin’ Sticks test was used to assess olfactory function. MRI data were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry.

Results

Both trained groups showed a considerable recovery of olfactory function, especially in odor identification. MRI data analysis revealed that the classical OT leads to increases in cortical thickness/density of several brain regions, including the right superior and middle frontal gyrus, and bilateral cerebellums. In addition, the modified OT yielded a lower extent of cortical measures in the right orbital frontal cortex and right insular. Following modified OT, a positive correlation was observed between the odor identification and the right orbital frontal cortex.

Conclusion

Both olfactory training methods can improve olfactory function and that the improvement is associated with changes in the structure of olfactory processing areas of the brain.

El texto completo de este artículo está disponible en PDF.

Abbreviations : MRI, VBM, SBM, OT, COT, MOT, PTOD

Keywords : MR imaging, Voxel-based morphometry, Surfaced-based morphometry, Olfactory training, Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction


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Vol 49 - N° 4

P. 333-342 - juin 2022 Regresar al número
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