Biliary cancer, also known as cholangiocarcinoma, is a primary malignant epithelial neoplasm arising in the bile duct. Cholangiocarcinoma can be classified into intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma according to anatomic location. Multiphase thin-section computed tomography is the primary imaging modality for diagnosis and treatment planning. MR imaging with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography provides additional information for differential diagnosis, complex biliary anatomy, and tumor extent. For preoperative assessment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, longitudinal tumor extent, vascular involvement, lymph node and distant metastasis, and remnant liver volume are the key features. The adoption of recent advances in imaging techniques enables enhanced image quality and helps to offer optimal treatment options.