Headache is a common neurologic problem affecting many members of the population, including athletes. In athletes, headache is most likely a primary disorder, such as tension-type headache or migraine; however, athletes can be at a higher risk of secondary causes, such as posttraumatic headache. Thus, based on the headache history, clinical examination, and presence of headache red flags, a focused diagnostic evaluation is recommended, ranging from blood tests to neuroimaging, depending on the headache characteristics. Regardless of the primary or secondary headache disorder diagnosis, treatment options should be carefully considered due to the competitive requirements of athletes.