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Implant retention and high rate of treatment failure in hematogenous acute knee and hip prosthetic joint infections - 15/12/19

Traitement conservateur des infections aiguës hématogènes de prothèses de hanche et de genou : un risque élevé d’échec

Doi : 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.11.005 
N. Pansu a, , M. Hamoui c, F. Manna d, A. Makinson a, b, S. Dufour a, D. Morquin a, F. Canovas c, J. Reynes a, b, V. Le Moing a, b
a Infectious and tropical diseases dept, Montpellier university hospital, 34000 Montpellier, France 
b Inserm U1175, university of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France 
c Orthopedic surgery dept, Montpellier university hospital, 34000 Montpellier, France 
d Epidemiology and clinical research unit, university hospital, 34000 Montpellier, France 

Corresponding author. Infectious and tropical diseases department, hôpital Gui de Chauliac, 80, avenue Augustin Fliche, 34000 Montpellier, France.Infectious and tropical diseases department, hôpital Gui de Chauliac80, avenue Augustin-FlicheMontpellier34000France
In corso di stampa. Prove corrette dall'autore. Disponibile online dal Sunday 15 December 2019
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Highlights

The rate of failure with implant retention is high in hematogenous prosthetic joint infections.
Conservative surgical treatment is the only factor associated with failure.
Staphylococcus aureus infections seem to be associated with poorer prognosis.

Il testo completo di questo articolo è disponibile in PDF.

Abstract

Objectives

Only few studies evaluated hematogenous prosthetic joint infections. We aimed to describe the characteristics of these infections and factors associated with management failure.

Methods

We selected hematogenously-acquired infections, defined by the occurrence of infectious symptoms more than a year after implantation among records of patients treated for hip and knee prosthetic joint infections at Montpellier University Hospital between January 2004 and May 2015. Failure was defined by death due to prosthesis-related infection, need for prosthesis removal in case of conservative treatment, or recurrence of infectious signs on a new prosthesis.

Results

Forty-seven patients with hematogenous prosthetic joint infection were included (33 knee infections and 14 hip infections). Infectious agents were streptococci (43%), Staphylococcus aureus (43%), Gram-negative bacilli (13%), and Listeria monocytogenes (2%). Thirty-one patients were initially treated with debridement and implant retention and 15 with prosthesis removal (three with one-stage surgery, 10 with two-stage surgery). The median duration of antibiotic therapy was 66.5 days. The overall failure rate was 52% (24/48), 71% (22/31) with implant retention strategy, 13% (2/15) with prosthesis removal, and 63% (12/19) in case of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Conservative treatment was appropriate (arthrotomy on a well-implanted prosthesis without sinus tract and symptom onset <21 days) in 13/31 patients (42%) with a failure rate still high at 69% (9/13). The only factor associated with failure was conservative surgical treatment.

Conclusion

The high risk of failure of conservative treatment for hematogenous prosthetic joint infections should lead to considering prosthesis replacement as the optimal strategy, particularly with Staphylococcus aureus.

Il testo completo di questo articolo è disponibile in PDF.

Résumé

Objectifs

Nous avons étudié les caractéristiques des infections hématogènes de prothèse articulaire et les facteurs associés à l’échec de prise en charge.

Méthodes

Ces infections, définies par l’apparition de symptômes plus d’un an après l’implantation, ont été rétrospectivement sélectionnées parmi les dossiers de patients pris en charge pour infection de prothèses de hanche et de genou entre juin 2004 et mai 2015. L’échec de prise en charge était défini par le décès lié à l’infection, l’ablation de prothèse en cas de traitement conservateur ou la récidive de signes infectieux sur une nouvelle prothèse.

Résultats

Quarante-sept patients présentant une telle infection ont été inclus (33 genoux, 14 hanches). Les bactéries étaient des streptocoques (43 %), Staphylococcus aureus (43 %), des bacilles gram-négatifs (13 %), Listeria monocytogenes (2 %). Trente-et-un patients ont été initialement traités par lavage et maintien des implants et 15 par ablation de prothèse. La durée médiane d’antibiothérapie était de 66,5jours. Le taux global d’échec était de 52 %, 71 % en cas de maintien, 13 % en cas d’ablation et 63 % en cas d’infections à Staphylococcus aureus. Le traitement conservateur était approprié (arthrotomie sur une prothèse scellée, sans fistule et symptomatique depuismoins de21jours) chez 42 % des patients avec un taux d’échec élevé (69 %). Le seul facteur associé à l’échec était le traitement conservateur.

Conclusion

Le risque élevé d’échec du traitement conservateur doit faire considérer le changement de prothèse comme le traitement optimal, particulièrement en cas d’infection à Staphylococcus aureus.

Il testo completo di questo articolo è disponibile in PDF.

Keywords : Hematogenous infection, Conservative surgery, Hip prosthetic joint, Knee prosthetic joint, Staphylococcus aureus

Mots clés : Infection hématogène, Chirurgie conservatrice, Prothèse de hanche, Prothèse de genou, Staphylococcus aureus


Mappa


 This work was presented as an abstract and poster at the French national congress for infectious diseases on June 21–23, 2017 in St Malo.


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