Introduction Little information is available about asthma control in patients followed by general practitioners care in France, although such control is one of the essential aims of their treatment.

Objectives The ER’Asthme survey sought to assess asthma control among patients visiting their general practitioner (GP) and to determine the factors associated with it.

Methods This cross-sectional included patients with asthma diagnosed at least 12 months earlier, aged more than 6 years, and followed by a GP. It collected data on self-assessed health status, asthma control (assessed by a 3-level composite score based on the Canadian consensus criteria as adapted by ANAES: optimal, acceptable and unacceptable), and compliance.

Results The study included 16 580 patients; 85% were older than 20 years, and 54% were male. Patients answered the question about their asthma control as follows: 53% “excellent” or “fine”, 39% “not very good” and 8% “poor“. GPs, however, assessed asthma control as optimal in 21% of patients, acceptable in 7% and unacceptable in 72%. Concordance between these two assessments was thus poor: Kappa coefficient 34.5% (95% CI [33.5%; 35.5%]). Only 59% of patients reported complete compliance with their maintenance treatment. Factors associated with optimal control were: use of fixed combination therapy (inhaled corticosteroid + long-acting beta-agonist) (OR: 3.7; 95% CI [3.5; 4.2]) normal BMI (OR: 2.4; 95% CI [2.0; 2.9]), non-smoker status (OR: 2.4; 95% CI [2.1; 2.8]), age ≪50 (OR: 2.3; 95% CI [2.1; 2.6]) and good compliance (OR: 1.6; 95% CI [1.5; 1.8]).

Conclusion Patients with asthma overestimate their asthma control, which often remains inadequate. Maintenance treatment with a fixed combination, BMI, smoking, age and compliance all influence the level of asthma control.