This study aimed to assess progress in South Asia in neuroscience research within a global context. It analyzed publication volume & citation impact, and benchmarked these metrics against other world regions. A refined abstract-based search was conducted on Scopus, covering global neuroscience publications from 213 countries between 1867 and June 2025, with a focused analysis for the period 2020–June 2025. From 1867 to June 2025, 5,947,636 neuroscience-related publications were indexed globally, with South Asia contributing 274,777 (4.59%). Country-level totals were: Bhutan (85), Afghanistan (261), Sri Lanka (1999), Nepal (2587), Bangladesh (5474), Pakistan (20,543), Iran (62,142), and India (185,958). A focused analysis from 2020 to June 2025 evaluated publication volume, total citations, citations per paper, and Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI). Journal distribution was assessed across 637 South Asian journals, including publication counts, citation metrics, SNIP, CiteScore 2024, and SJR. Global data from 213 countries was used to benchmark South Asia against Africa, South America, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and Europe. From 2020 to June 2025, South Asia produced 21,713 publications—exceeding Africa (9823) and South America (19,683), and trailing only Latin America (23,926) and Europe (188,615). Output rose from 2606 in 2020 to 4925 in 2024, with 2535 already published in early 2025. South Asia accumulated 190,985 citations and maintained an FWCI of 1.12, indicating its papers were cited 12% above the global average. Despite disparities, the region showed considerable progress in global neuroscience publishing.