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Activities of cyclooxygenases, and levels of prostaglandins E2 And F2, in fetopathy associated with experimental diabetic gestation - 16/02/10

Doi : 10.1016/j.diabet.2009.06.009 
H.Y. Al-Matubsi a, , M.D. Salim b, A.S. El-Sharaky c, M.A.-N. Kamel c, G.A. Oriquat b, M.H. Helmy c, E.A. El-Bassiouni c, M. Shourbaji b
a Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science University, Amman, P.O. Box 926296, Amman 11931, Jordan 
b Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan 
c Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt 

Corresponding author. Tel.: +962 6 5609999; fax: +962 6 5232899.

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Abstract

Aim

The present study investigated the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway to elucidate any changes that may be involved in the mechanism(s) underlying diabetic fetopathy.

Methods

Diabetes was induced in female rats (n=12) by two successive daily injections of 55mg/kg streptozotocin, while control animals (n=10) were injected with a buffer solution; hyperglycaemia was confirmed by blood glucose levels greater than 11mmol/L. The study female rats were made pregnant and, on day 15 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed, and the fetuses, placentas and membranes dissected out of the uterine horns. Following morphological examination, the fetuses, placentas and membranes were homogenized, and used to measure COX activities and prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGF2⍺ levels.

Results

Fetuses from diabetic mothers exhibited significantly (P<0.05) shorter crown-to-rump lengths, lower body weights and heavier placental weights. The activity of COX-1 in the fetuses, placentas and membranes from diabetic mothers represented a small percentage of total COX activity compared with that of COX-2. The presence of a COX-1 inhibitor in the control and diabetic rats was investigated and found to be negative. The activity of COX-2 in malformed fetuses from diabetic mothers was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared with non-malformed fetuses from control and diabetic mothers. The mean level of PGE2 in fetuses from diabetic mothers was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that in controls. In contrast, the biggest increases in PGF2⍺ were observed in the malformed diabetic fetuses, placentas and membranes.

Conclusion

The increased production of PGF2⍺ probably proceeds, at least in part, independently of the COX pathway and via the isoprostane route. However, it is unclear whether the relatively high levels of PGF2⍺ are causally related to, or simply coincidental with, fetal malformation.

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Résumé

But

Cette étude avait pour objectif d’étudier l’activité des cyclo-oxygénases (COX) afin de préciser leur place parmi les mécanismes de la fœtopathie diabétique.

Méthodes

À cette fin, un diabète a été induit chez des rates (n=12) par deux injections journalières successives de 55mg/kg de streptozotocine. Les rates témoins ont été traitées par une solution tampon. L’hyperglycémie a été confirmée par des glycémies supérieures à 11mmol/l. Les deux populations de rates, témoins et diabétiques, ont ensuite été fécondées. Au 15e jour de gestation, les rates ont été sacrifiées. Le fœtus, le placenta et la membrane amniotique de chaque animal ont été enlevés des cornes utérines. Après examen morphologique, le fœtus, leur placenta et les membranes ont été homogénéisés et utilisés pour mesurer les concentrations de COX et de prostaglandines (PG) E2 et PGF2⍺.

Résultats

Les fœtus de rates diabétiques avaient une taille et un poids significativement (P<0,05) plus bas que ceux des témoins, le poids du placenta étant significativement (P<0,05) plus élevé. L’activité COX-1 représentait un faible pourcentage de l’activité totale des COX comparativement à celle de COX-2. La recherche d’un inhibiteur de COX-1 a donc été réalisée chez les rates témoins et diabétiques et s’est avérée négative. Par ailleurs, l’activité COX-2 des fœtus de mères diabétiques était significativement (P<0,05) plus basse que celle des fœtus de mères témoins. Les concentrations moyennes de PGF2⍺ des fœtus de mères diabétiques étaient significativement plus basses (P<0,05) à celles des fœtus des rates témoins. A contrario, une augmentation de PGF2⍺ a été observée chez les fœtus diabétiques malformés.

Conclusion

L’augmentation de la production de PGF2⍺ est probablement au moins en partie produite indépendamment des COX via les isoprostanes. Les concentrations relativement élevées de PGF2⍺ pourraient être en rapport avec les malformations fœtales ou simplement être le fruit du hasard. Cela reste à élucider.

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Keywords : Fetopathy, Experimental diabetes, Cyclooxygenases, Prostaglandins

Mots clés : Fœtopathie, Diabète expérimental, Cyclo-oxygénases, Prostaglandines


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