Advances in anesthesia and surgical practices have allowed total hip arthroplasty to be performed as an outpatient procedure. The aim of this study was to demonstrate its feasibility in a selected population compared to a group of inpatients by analyzing the cumulative length of hospital stay, complications and readmissions.

This was a retrospective, single-surgeon study of continuous adult patients between October 2016 and May 2018 who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and were eligible to undergo this procedure either as an inpatient or outpatient based on their health and comprehension level. Two groups of patients were set up. The outpatient group was given a preoperative treatment education session. The same anesthesia protocol and surgical technique was used in both groups.

Fifty outpatients were compared to 77 inpatients. In the outpatient group, the patients were significantly younger, had a greater walking distance and were predominantly male. The two groups were comparable in terms of functional and medical criteria. The mean cumulative hospital stay was 1.2days in the outpatient group with one discharge failure because of nausea and vomiting, versus 5.1days in the inpatient group (p<0.0001). There were three complications in each group (p=1.00). There were three readmissions in the outpatient group and four in the inpatient group (p=1.00) that were of similar length (p=0.86). There was no difference in the mean number of additional office visits over this period between the two groups.

Outpatient THA procedures can be done reliably and safely in France in a carefully selected population without increasing the complication rate or readmission rate. Expanding this practice requires implementing specific anesthesia and surgery protocols, along with close perioperative monitoring to help manage risk.

IV (retrospective cohort study).