Toxin-Induced Parkinsonism - 09/10/20

Doi : 10.1016/j.ncl.2020.08.003

Steven McKnight, MD ^a,^b, Nawaz Hack, MD ^a,^b,^c,^⁎
^a Neurology Department, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, America Building #19, 6th Floor, Room 6146, 4954 North Palmer Road, Bethesda, MD 20889-5630, USA
^b Department of Defense, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, America Building #19, 6th Floor, Room 6146, 4954 North Palmer Road, Bethesda, MD 20889-5630, USA
^c Department of Neurology, Armed Forces University of the Health Sciences

^∗Corresponding author. Neurology Department, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC), America Building #19, 6th Floor, Room 6146, 4954 North Palmer Road, Bethesda, MD 20889-5630.Neurology DepartmentWalter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC)America Building #196th FloorRoom 61464954 North Palmer RoadBethesdaMD20889-5630

Resumen

Toxins identified as causing parkinsonism and being related to overall idiopathic Parkinson disease risk range from heavy metals to pesticides to contaminants in synthetic heroin. Several described in this article exhibit significant oxidative stress on neurons of the central nervous system and have a particular predilection toward damage of dopaminergic neurons. Although many of these toxins have well-established connections with Parkinson disease risk, a few continue to be studied with data still being produced. The parkinsonisms caused by these agents have variable responses to dopaminergic therapies. This article discusses manganese, mercury, MPTP, organochlorines, organophosphates, paraquat, rotenone, and Agent Orange.

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Keywords : Parkinsonism, MPTP, Mercury, Rotenone, Paraquat, Manganese, Agent orange