Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of non-traumatic disability in people aged 10–65 years. Evidence exists for the effectiveness of multidisciplinary rehabilitation and exercise. However, the effectiveness of other rehabilitation approaches in MS needs further evaluation. The purposes were to systematically synthesise and evaluate knowledge on effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions and determinants for participation among persons with MS (pwMS) to inform clinical guidelines on rehabilitation. Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was used. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched for reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses published 2009–2019. All types of rehabilitation interventions provided to pwMS at any time and in all settings were eligible. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data. The most recently published reviews on mixed and specific modalities were included. The findings were reported in a narrative summary and a mixed-method analysis. Among 108 eligible reviews, 6 qualitative or mixed-method reviews and 66 quantitative were included (total pwMS>90,000). This overview provides solid evidence for effectiveness of a spectrum of modalities. Among the modalities, there was strong evidence for the effectiveness of multidisciplinary, cognitive and exercise approaches, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy including full body training on functioning and participation outcomes. Employment significantly influenced quality of life; thus, vocational rehabilitation should be initiated early. The healthcare professionals should identify personal factors including relations and coping, and the rehabilitation process should involve partners or close family. The mixed-method analysis revealed insufficient consensus between the perspectives of pwMS on their rehabilitation and reported effects indicating that further research should target the experiences of pwMS. Further, results showed that rehabilitation should be patient-centred, focus on the complexity of needs, and be organised and performed by an experienced multidisciplinary team. Evidence-based rehabilitation should be initiated early after pwMS are diagnosed and follow international guidelines.

PROSPERO ID: CRD42020152422.