This article provides a review with a focus on clinical updates in treating patients with surgical parathyroid or thyroid disease. Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common cause of hypercalcemia. Patients are older and often asymptomatic, and urinary stones and urinary tract infection are common. Surgical treatment is recommended with an excellent prognosis. Thyroid tumors in dogs are the most common endocrine neoplasm. Functional thyroid testing, laryngeal examinations, and regional lymphadenectomy should be considered during surgery, along with use of vessel-sealing devices to mitigate hemorrhage. Long-term outcomes for dogs with advanced disease can be reached, so surgical resection should be an option.