In recent decades, cancer mortality rates have declined due to development of systemic antineoplastic agents targeting specific cancer pathways. Nail toxicities associated with these therapies are underrecognized by many and contribute significantly to patient morbidity. Nail changes from chemotherapy occur due to toxicity to continuously dividing nail matrix keratinocytes. Preventive measures, including avoiding repeated trauma from manicuring and artificial nails, regular nail trimming, and applying emollients to cuticles are essential in mitigating nail toxicities. Frozen gloves or socks has demonstrated efficacy in reducing nail toxicities, especially those associated with taxane-based therapies. This clinical review highlights mechanisms and clinical presentations, emphasizing management and prevention of nail toxicities induced by chemotherapy. To avoid limiting, reducing, or discontinuing anticancer treatment, it is essential to manage these issues effectively. We underscore the need for increased onco-dermatologic awareness and further research to develop optimal treatment and prevention guidelines, potentially improving patient outcomes and quality of life.