Nerve injury about the elbow is a commonly reported problem after upper extremity trauma and surgery. Understanding the complete workup and management of these injuries is crucial in preserving upper extremity function and ensuring high-grade nerve injuries are diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. Assessment begins with a thorough history and physical examination, along with required imaging to evaluate bony or vascular injury as needed. Patients with neurological deficits in the surgical field of bony fixation or evidence of high-grade nerve injury on imaging may be candidates for early exploration. Otherwise, patients are observed longitudinally for signs of nerve recovery with both physical examination and electrodiagnostic tests.