This study aimed to perform a morphological and morphometric assessment of the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) and genial tubercles (GT) using computed tomography, in order to develop sex estimation formulas based on linear measurements in a Brazilian adult sample. An observational study was carried out using 300 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from a pre-existing image database, comprising individuals aged between 21 and 50 years, equally distributed between the sexes. The formulas for sex estimation presented, respectively, sensitivity and specificity of up to 71.3% and 80% % for MIC, and 67.3% and 72% for GT. The MIC presented a formula for estimating sex with a higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) (0.829 ± 0.024) than the GT (0.760 ± 0.027). Discriminant analysis was statistically significant ( P < 0.001) and found a higher canonical correlation value for MIC (0.638) compared to GT (0.580). The developed formulas for estimating sex based on linear tomographic measurements of anterior mandible landmarks (MIC and GT) show reasonable sensitivity and specificity. The MIC formula demonstrated higher sensitivity, specificity, and overall performance compared to the GT formula.