Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most common viral infections in humans. Approximately 2 billion people have been infected with HBV, and 350 million of them became chronically infected.55 Maynard J.E., Kane M.A., Alter M.J. , y al. Control of hepatitis B by immunization: Global perspective Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease New York: Alan R Liss (1988).
967-969
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias In certain Asian and Pacific areas, such as Southern China, Korea, the Philippines, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, chronic HBV infection is highly prevalent (>10%).9 Chen C.J., Wang L.Y., Yu M.W. Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in the Asia-Pacific region J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000 ; 15 (suppl) : E3-E6
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias Around 25% to 40% of persons with chronic hepatitis B will eventually die of liver disease (namely, cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]); the death rate is 50% for men and 15% for women.51 Lok A.S.F. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepat 1994 ; 1 : 105-124 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias To date, in China, only interferon, thymosin-⍺1, (T⍺1) and lamivudine monotherapy have been approved for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.37 Lau G.K.K., Carman W.F., Locarnini S. , y al. Treatment of chronic HBV infection: An Asia-Pacific perspective J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999 ; 14 : 3-12 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias Other treatment modalities currently undergoing investigation include DNA vaccines,17 Davis H.L., McCluskie M.J., Gerin J.L. , y al. DNA vaccine for hepatitis B: Evidence for immunogenicity in chimpanzees and comparison with other vaccines Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996 ; 93 : 7213-7218 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 18 Davis H.L., Schirmberk R., Reimann J. , y al. DNA-mediated immunization in mice induces a potent MHC class-I restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to the hepatitis B envelope protein Hum Gene Ther 1995 ; 6 : 1447-1456 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 53 Mancini M., Hadchovel M., Tiollais P. , y al. Regulation of hepatitis B virus mRNA expression in a hepatitis B surface antigen transgenic mouse model by IFN-gama-secreting T cells after DNA-based immunization J Immunol 1998 ; 161 (10) : 5564-5570
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias therapeutic vaccine,16 Couillin I., Pol S., Mancini M. , y al. Specific vaccine therapy in chronic hepatitis B: Induction of T cell proliferative responses specific for envelope antigens J Infect Dis 1999 ; 180 : 15-26 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 64 Pol S., Driss F., Michel M.L. , y al. Specific vaccine therapy in chronic hepatitis B infection Lancet 1994 ; 344 : 342 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias antigen-antibody complexes,77 Wen Y.M., Xiong S.D., Zhang W. Solid matrix-antibody-antigen complex can clear viraemia and antigenaemia in persistent duck hepatitis B virus infection J Gen Virol 1994 ; 75 : 335-339 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias and adoptive immune transfer,33 Ilan Y., Nagler A., Adler R. , y al. Ablation of persistent hepatitis B by bone marrow transplantation from a hepatitis B-immune donor Gastroenterology 1993 ; 104 : 1818-1821
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 40 Lau G.K.K., Lok A.S., Liang R.H. , y al. Clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen after bone marrow transplantation: Role of adoptive immunity transfer Hepatology 1997 ; 25 : 1497-1501 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 49 Lok A.S.F., Wu P.C., Lai C.L. , y al. A controlled trial of interferon with or without prednisone priming for chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 1992 ; 102 : 2091-2097
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),4 Blumberg B.S., Millman I., Valnkateswaran P.S. , y al. Hepatitis B virus and primary hepatocellular carcinoma: Treatment of HBV carriers with Phyllanthus amarus Vaccine 1990 ; 8 : S86-S91
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 76 Wang B.E. Treatment of chronic liver diseases with traditional Chinese medicine J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000 ; 15 : E67-E70
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias and new nucleoside or nucleotide analogues such as adefovir dipivoxil,24 Gilson R.J., Chopra K., Murray-Lyon I.M. , y al. A placebo-controlled phase I/II study of adefovir dipivoxil (bis-POM PMEA) in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection Hepatology 1996 ; 24 (suppl 4) : 281A
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 30 Heathcote E., Jeffers L., Wright T. , y al. Loss of serum HBV DNA and HBeAg and seroconversion following short-term (12 weeks) adefovir dipivoxil therapy in chronic hepatitis B: Two placebo-controlled phase II studies [abstract] Hepatology 1998 ; 28 (suppl) : 317A
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias emtricitabine,26 Gish R., Leung N.W.Y., Wright T.L. , y al. Anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity and pharmacokinetics of FTC in a 2-month trial in HBV-infected patients Gastroenterology 1999 ; 116 : A1216
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias and entacavir.34 Innaimo S.F., Seifer M., Bisacchi G.S. , y al. Identification of BMS-200475 as a potent and selective inhibitor of hepatitis B virus Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997 ; 41 : 1444-1448
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias Moreover, to enhance therapeutic effect, combination therapy with immunomodulatory agents plus nucleoside analogues41 Lau G.K.K., Tsiang M., Hou J. , y al. Combination therapy with lamivudine and famciclovir for chronic hepatitis B infected Chinese: A viral dynamics study Hepatology 2000 ; 32 : 394-399 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 67 Schalm S.W., Heathcote J., Cianciara J. , y al. Lamivudine and alpha interferon combination treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: A randomised trial Gut 2000 ; 46 : 562-568 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias or dual nucleoside analogues41 Lau G.K.K., Tsiang M., Hou J. , y al. Combination therapy with lamivudine and famciclovir for chronic hepatitis B infected Chinese: A viral dynamics study Hepatology 2000 ; 32 : 394-399 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias are being explored. It is likely that in the future, treatment of chronic HBV infection will be tailored to the individual patient's virologic, histologic, and clinical profile based on the understanding of the natural history of chronic HBV infection.37 Lau G.K.K., Carman W.F., Locarnini S. , y al. Treatment of chronic HBV infection: An Asia-Pacific perspective J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999 ; 14 : 3-12 [cross-ref]
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