Parapneumonic effusions complicate the course of 20% to 60% of patients hospitalized with bacterial pneumonia. 73 Heffner J.E., McDonald J., Barbieri C. , y al. Management of parapneumonic effusions. An analysis of physician practice patterns Arch Surg 1995 ; 130 : 433
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 114 Light R.W., Girard E.M., Jenkinson S.G. , y al. Parapneumonic effusions Am J Med 1980 ; 69 : 507 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 184 Taryle D.A., Potts D.E., Sahn S.A. The incidence and clinical correlates of parapneumonic effusions in pneumococcal pneumonia Chest 1978 ; 74 : 170 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias Most of these effusions follow an “uncomplicated” course and resolve with antibiotic therapy of the underlying pneumonia. In approximately 5% to 10% of patients, however, the parapneumonic effusion becomes “complicated” and progresses to frank intrapleural pus unless drained by a chest tube or a surgical procedure.114 Light R.W., Girard E.M., Jenkinson S.G. , y al. Parapneumonic effusions Am J Med 1980 ; 69 : 507 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias The presence of intrapleural pus is termed an empyema, which increases the morbidity and likelihood of mortality of pneumonia. The mortality rate of empyema ranges between 25% and 70% in elderly patients46 de la Rocha A.G. Empyema thoracis Surg Gynecol Obstet 1982 ; 155 : 839
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 51 Finland M., Barnes M.W. Changing etiology of acute bacterial empyema: Occurrence and mortality at Boston City Hospital during 12 selected years from 1935–1972 J Infect Dis 1978 ; 137 : 274
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 64 Grant D.R., Finley R.J. Empyema: Analysis of treatment techniques Can J Surg 1985 ; 28 : 449
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 89 Jess P. Mortality in thoracic empyema Scan J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1981 ; 18 : 86
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 169 Smith J.A., Mullerworth M.H., Westlake G.W. , y al. Empyema thoracis: 14-year experience in a teaching center Ann Thorac Surg 1991 ; 51 : 39 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 192 Varkey B., Rose H.D., Kutty C.P. , y al. Empyema thoracis during a 10-year period. Analysis of 72 cases and comparison to a previous study (1952–1967) Arch Intern Med 1981 ; 141 : 1771
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias and in patients with chronic debilitation. 53 Forty J., Yeatman M., Wells F.C. Empyema thoracis: A review of a 4½ year experience of cases requiring surgical treatment Respir Med 1990 ; 84 : 147
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 169 Smith J.A., Mullerworth M.H., Westlake G.W. , y al. Empyema thoracis: 14-year experience in a teaching center Ann Thorac Surg 1991 ; 51 : 39 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias
Because of the negative impact of empyema on clinical outcome, modern therapy of pneumonia directs clinicians toward early detection and prompt evaluation of parapneumonic effusions, with urgent initiation of pleural drainage in patients with complicated effusions to prevent progression to an empyema. Delays in initiating effective drainage increase morbidity, duration of hospitalization, and, in some studies, mortality. 4 Ali I., Unruh H. Management of empyema thoracis Ann Thorac Surg 1990 ; 50 : 355 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 11 Ashbaugh D.G. Empyema thoracis. Factors influencing morbidity and mortality Chest 1991 ; 99 : 1162 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 34 Cham C.W., Haq S.M., Rahamim J. Empyema thoracis: A problem with late referral? Thorax 1993 ; 48 : 925 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 73 Heffner J.E., McDonald J., Barbieri C. , y al. Management of parapneumonic effusions. An analysis of physician practice patterns Arch Surg 1995 ; 130 : 433
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 152 Pothula V., Krellenstein D.J. Early aggressive surgical management of parapneumonic empyemas Chest 1994 ; 105 : 832 [cross-ref]
Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias
El texto completo de este artículo está disponible en PDF.
© 1999
W. B. Saunders Company. Publicado por Elsevier Masson SAS. Todos los derechos reservados.© 1999