In his original 1885 description of the syndrome, Gilles de la Tourette emphasized the triad of multiple tics, coprolalia, and echolalia.<sup>26 Lees A.J., Robertson M., Trimble M.R. , y al. A clinical study of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in the United Kingdom J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984 ;  47 : 1-8  [cross-ref]

Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias</sup> Although current diagnostic criteria do not include coprolalia as a necessary component of Tourette syndrome (TS),<sup>42 Shapiro A.K., Shapiro E. An update of Tourette syndrome Am J Psychotherapy 1982 ;  36 : 379-390

Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias</sup> its presence is highly indicative, albeit not pathognomonic, of this condition.

Coprolalia is the uncontrollable utterance of obscenities and profanities. Obscenities are defined as utterances describing sexual acts, body function or elimination acts, and organs of reproduction and sexual anatomy.<sup>16 Jankovic J. Tourette's syndrome: Phenomenology, Pathophysiology, Genetics, Epidemiology, and Treatment  St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book (1993).  209-227

Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias</sup> Profane utterances, on the other hand, convey a religious connotation.<sup>16 Jankovic J. Tourette's syndrome: Phenomenology, Pathophysiology, Genetics, Epidemiology, and Treatment  St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book (1993).  209-227

Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias</sup> In reality, the spectrum of these socially inappropriate utterances also includes references to animals (e.g., bitch, bull, pig)<sup>3 Bruun R.D., Budman C.L. The natural history of Tourette syndrome Adv Neurol 1992 ;  58 : 1-6

Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias</sup> and racial epithets.<sup>40 Scott B.L., Jankovic J., Donovan D.T. Botulinum toxin injection into vocal cord in the treatment of malignant coprolalia associated with Tourette's syndrome Movement Disorders 1996 ;  11 : 431-433  [cross-ref]

Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias</sup> Coprolalia is the most common of the so-called coprophenomena, which also include copropraxia, or the uncontrollable performance of obscene gestures, mental coprolalia, or obsessive thinking of obscenities and profanities, and coprographia, or the compulsion to write down such expressions. Coprolalia and copropraxia are among the most socially disabling of the symptoms seen in TS.<sup>11 Golden G. Tourette syndrome: The pediatric perspective Am J Dis Child 1977 ;  131 : 531-534

Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias, 12 Goldenberg J.N., Brown S.B., Weiner W.J. Coprolalia in younger patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome Movement Disorders 1994 ;  9 : 622-625  [cross-ref]

Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias</sup> This review focuses attention on a variety of aspects of coprophenomena, pointing out those areas clearly in need of further study.