VOICE DISORDERS IN CHILDREN - 11/09/11

Doi : 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70523-X

Steven D. Gray, MD ^{^{*
From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah Medical Center (SDG); the Department of Rehabilitation, Primary Children's Hospital (SDG, HS); National Center for Voice and Speech, Salt Lake City, Utah (SDG); Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and The Children's Hospital; Wilbur James Gould Voice Research Center; The Denver Center for the Performing Arts; and the National Center for Voice and Speech, Denver, Colorado (MES)}}, Marshall E. Smith, MD ^{^{*
From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah Medical Center (SDG); the Department of Rehabilitation, Primary Children's Hospital (SDG, HS); National Center for Voice and Speech, Salt Lake City, Utah (SDG); Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and The Children's Hospital; Wilbur James Gould Voice Research Center; The Denver Center for the Performing Arts; and the National Center for Voice and Speech, Denver, Colorado (MES)}}, Helene Schneider, MA, CCC-SLP ^{^{*
From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah Medical Center (SDG); the Department of Rehabilitation, Primary Children's Hospital (SDG, HS); National Center for Voice and Speech, Salt Lake City, Utah (SDG); Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and The Children's Hospital; Wilbur James Gould Voice Research Center; The Denver Center for the Performing Arts; and the National Center for Voice and Speech, Denver, Colorado (MES)}}

Resumen

The voice is a primary means of expression and oral communication and has life-long importance to social well-being. The cry of the infant eventually becomes the voice of the teacher, lawyer, singer, or receptionist; it provides a means of livelihood for many. The voice is intimately related to most individuals' sense of self-identity. It is also an indicator of health, emotion, age, and gender. Voice may be defined in a broad (synonymous with speech) or narrow sense.^{60Titze I.R. Rinciples of Voice Production Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall (1994).

Haga clic aquí para ir a la sección de Referencias} In a narrow sense, voice refers to vocalization, or production of the sound created by vocal fold vibration. Phonation is the physical and physiologic process of vocal fold vibration.

The components of the entire speech production system (i.e., respiration, phonation, articulation, and resonance) are of relevance to voice disorders; however, in this article, only the anatomy and physiology of phonation and resonance as they pertain to growing children are presented. The discussion then turns to voice clinically; the disorders of phonation (or ``dysphonias'') in the pediatric age group. Common causes of voice problems and their evaluation and management are reviewed.

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Esquema

DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF PHONATION AND RESONANCE

EVALUATION OF VOICE PROBLEMS

CAUSES OF HOARSENESS

Laryngeal Papillomas

Congenital Glottic Web

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

VELOPHARYNGEAL INADEQUACY OR HYPERNASALITY

Treatment

STUTTERING

OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

SUMMARY

Address reprint requests to Steven D. Gray, MD, Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Utah, Room 3C, 50 North Medical Center Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-1001
This work was supported by grant P60 DC00976 to the National Center for Voice and Speech from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communicative Disorders (NIDCD).