Microcalcifications are actually indirect signs of pathological processes, and only a few of these processes may be correctly correlated to the morphologic pattern of calcifications. This is true of the microcalcifications typically classified as benign by the 4th edition of the BI-RADS Atlas, except for round and punctuate microcalcifications. This is also the case of polymorphous fine and linear fine microcalcifications most often, but not exclusively, associated with DCIS with necrosis. For other types of microcalcifications, other parameters are analyzed in a more global approach: the associated clinical or mammographical signs; the context, especially genetic; the spatial distribution; the number; the evolution over time. The radiologist should compare the images with the anatomy of the terminal ductal-lobular unit, from where most cancers arise, and estimates the risk by taking into account the clinical context and the antecedents.