The aim of our study was to analyze medium and long-term results of proximal ulnar osteotomy with and without ligament injury in neglected Monteggia injury in children.

This retrospective, multicenter study included 28 patients. Clinical criteria concerned the range of motion, pain and MEPI score, and radiologic criteria comprised of Storen line, head-neck ratio, radial neck angle, and signs of osteoarthritic remodeling.

Twenty-eight patients were reviewed, at a mean 6 years’ follow-up (range, 2–34y). Sixteen had proximal ulnar osteotomy without ligament reconstruction, and 12 had associated ligamentoplasty. Both groups showed significant clinical and radiological improvement, with no significant difference. Patients operated within less than 1 year had better clinical and radiographic results. There was no correlation between age at surgery and quality of results. The 5 patients who underwent condyloradial pinning showed early recurrence of dislocation and osteoarthritic remodeling. The three cases of Bado type-3 lesion had early recurrence of dislocation.

Proximal ulnar osteotomy gives good long-term results in Bado type-1 lesions, regardless of age, if performed before 1 year, in the absence of osteoarthritic remodeling. Associated ligamentoplasty does not seem to be useful.

IV (retrospective).