First described by Sigbert Ganser in 1987, Ganser syndrome consists in a rare condition, characterized by the following four clinical features: approximate answers, dulling of consciousness, conversion symptoms and hallucinations.

To present a case suggestive of Ganser Syndrome and to review the literature with particular regard to the aetiology of this condition.

Literature review, using computerized databases (MEDLINE^®, Medscape^®). Articles were selected based on the content of their abstract and their relevance.

A 58-year-old woman was admitted to a Psychiatric Unit of a General Hospital for presenting behavioural abnormalities of acute onset. During hospitalization, the patient displayed indifference, incoherent speech with approximate answers, motor abnormalities and auditory psedudohallucinations. The patient was evaluated by a neurologist and various exams were performed (blood tests, CT, MRI, EEG) that showed no significant abnormalities. Pharmacological treatment consisted of antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. During the follow-up, there was a slow but gradual improvement of symptoms. Six months after hospitalization the patient decide to end up the follow-up.

Little is still known about Ganser Syndrome. The four aetiological perspectives consider: hysterical origin, malingering or factitious disorder, psychotic origin and organic origin. The lack of reports and information about Ganser syndrome made it worthwhile reporting this case.