Paternal Age Alters Social Development in Offspring - 06/10/17
, Claire M.A. Haworth, PhD d, Angelica Ronald, PhD e, Eva Krapohl, MSc a, Francesca Happé, PhD a, Jonathan Mill, PhD a, c, Leonard C. Schalkwyk, PhD f, Cathy Fernandes, PhD a, Abraham Reichenberg, PhD b, Frühling Rijsdijk, PhD aAbstract |
Objective |
Advanced paternal age (APA) at conception has been linked with autism and schizophrenia in offspring, neurodevelopmental disorders that affect social functioning. The current study explored the effects of paternal age on social development in the general population.
Method |
We used multilevel growth modeling to investigate APA effects on socioemotional development from early childhood until adolescence, as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) sample. We also investigated genetic and environmental underpinnings of the paternal age effects on development, using the Additive genetics, Common environment, unique Environment (ACE) and gene–environment (GxE) models.
Results |
In the general population, both very young and advanced paternal ages were associated with altered trajectory of social development (intercept: p = .01; slope: p = .03). No other behavioral domain was affected by either young or advanced age at fatherhood, suggesting specificity of paternal age effects. Increased importance of genetic factors in social development was recorded in the offspring of older but not very young fathers, suggesting distinct underpinnings of the paternal age effects at these two extremes.
Conclusion |
Our findings highlight that the APA-related deficits that lead to autism and schizophrenia are likely continuously distributed in the population.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Key words : advanced paternal age, social development, autism, schizophrenia, neurodevelopment
Plan
| This article is discussed in an editorial by Dr. Daniel P. Dickstein on page 369. |
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| Dr. Janecka was supported by the Seaver Autism Centre for Research and Treatment (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai). |
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| Drs. Janecka and Rijsdijk served as the statistical experts for this research. |
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| Disclosure: Drs. Janecka, Haworth, Ronald, Happé, Mill, Schalkwyk, Fernandes, Reichenberg, Rijsdijk, and Ms. Krapohl report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. |
Vol 56 - N° 5
P. 383-390 - mai 2017 Retour au numéro
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