Protection of fertility shares many of the same concepts as optimization of general health, such as smoking cessation, maintenance of a healthy body weight, and moderation of alcohol intake. Increasing attention has been placed on minimizing exposures to known reproductive toxicants. There are few conclusive data to support specific diet patterns or supplements for fertility. Ovarian reserve testing has been explored as potential diagnostic tests for assessment of reproductive aging with some controversy. Finally, the development of vitrification in the assisted reproduction laboratory has increased the success and, therefore, access to fertility preservation by way of oocyte or embryo cryopreservation.