Early detection significantly improves the prognosis of oral cancer patients, contingent upon the knowledge of dental professionals. This study aimed to assess and compare the knowledge, practices and perceptions regarding oral cancer among dental professionals in Belgium.

A cross-sectional survey was distributed via Qualtrics to general dentists, dental specialists, dental hygienists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The self-administered questionnaire comprised three sections: demographics (4 questions), knowledge (9 questions) and clinical practices (19 questions) related to oral cancer detection and treatment. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis, with Chi-square tests assessing responses by specialization, gender, years of experience and number of oral cancer patients treated.

A total of 262 questionnaires were completed, with the majority of respondents being general dentists (61%) followed by dental specialists (25%), oral hygienists (8%) and oral and maxillofacial surgeons (6%). 70% of the respondents reported treating fewer than four oral cancer patients throughout their careers. 5 out of the 9 knowledge questions achieved over 50% correct responses, with an average correct answer rate of 54%. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons and dental professionals who have treated more than four oral cancer patients, demonstrated significantly higher scores on multiple knowledge questions. Responses to clinically oriented questions showed less diversity across professions, and generally aligning with guidelines from professional oncological societies.

This survey highlights the need for enhanced education on oral cancer among Belgian dental professionals. Knowledge levels were notably higher among more experienced respondents. The development and implementation of comprehensive guidelines tailored to dentists and oral hygienists for oral cancer prevention and patient care are warranted to optimize clinical practice standards.