Vessel preparation has become a cornerstone of successful endovascular treatment in femoropopliteal arterial disease. Beyond lesion crossing, adequate vessel preparation directly impacts the choice of the anti-restenotic treatment, the procedural success, and the durability, particularly in arterial segments exposed to significant biomechanical stress. This presentation focuses on the practical approach to vessel preparation in superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. Using real-life clinical scenarios, we will discuss how lesion characteristics such as calcification severity, lesion length, eccentricity, vessel diameter, and distal runoff influence the choice of vessel preparation strategy. The available techniques will be reviewed in a comparative and pragmatic manner, including standard balloon angioplasty, specialty balloons (scoring and cutting balloons), atherectomy, and intravascular lithotripsy. For each technique, indications, limitations, and potential pitfalls will be addressed. Particular emphasis will be placed on how optimal vessel preparation conditions subsequent treatment choices, such as drug-coated balloon angioplasty or selective stenting. The objective of this presentation is to provide clear, reproducible principles to help operators optimize vessel preparation, minimize periprocedural complications, and improve clinical outcomes in femoropopliteal endovascular interventions.