This paper commemorates the 150th anniversary of the publication of a landmark study on Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564) and emphasizes its relevance as both a historical and medical reference. The work introduces, for the first time, a documented account of the drugs administered during the artist’s final medical care, together with the costs associated with transporting his body for burial. Examined within its medical and cultural framework, this material provides important insight into Michelangelo’s final days and his engagement with the Ars Moriendi . The Ars Moriendi , a current within Catholic literature devoted to guiding believers toward a Christian “good death”, focused on the salvation of the soul and became widely known and extensively practiced, remaining influential and actively used until the seventeenth century. Modern analyses of the Ars Moriendi offer valuable perspectives for ethical consideration of death, particularly in healthcare settings. When integrated with iconodiagnostic methods, these perspectives foster multidisciplinary interpretations that enrich medical and cultural knowledge, especially in situations where historical clinical records are limited. This aspect is especially pertinent to Michelangelo’s final medical documentation, first written in Italian–Latin and not yet published in a medical scientific journal. To facilitate a clearer understanding Michelangelo's involvement with the Ars Moriendi , the present study presents the original source along with an English translation of the Italian–Latin text to evaluate his therapeutic care. This study aims to assist students and researchers interested in Renaissance medicine and in the medical history surrounding Michelangelo’s final medical treatment.