Among various modifiable risk factors, dietary patterns (DPs), as a holistic lifestyle intervention, have become a focus of current research due to their protective effects on cognitive health. Classic Western DPs, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), have been widely confirmed to effectively improve cognitive function, thereby reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, existing evidence mainly concentrates on Western populations and their DPs, including the MODERN (Machine learning-assisted Optimizing Dietary intERvention against demeNtia risk) diet optimized using machine learning. Given the significant differences in food types, dietary habits, and cooking methods among Asian populations, research on localized DPs optimized for cognitive health in Asian populations remains insufficient. In this context, the team at the Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine has taken the lead in systematically defining the Shanghai Cognitive Diet Pattern (SCDP). This review aims to comprehensively outline the core features and potential biological mechanisms relevant to AD in both classic Western DPs and the emerging East Asian DP. Subsequently, this review will systematically compare Eastern and Western DPs. In conclusion, this review proposes shifting​ dietary strategies from population-level adaptation to individual precision, in conjunction with multimodal lifestyle management, and offers novel strategies for the prevention and management of AD.