Prevalence of dementia and BPSD in community-dwelling older adults with advanced care needs: a nationwide survey in Taiwan - 07/08/26

Doi : 10.1016/j.tjpad.2026.100656

Kai-Ming Jhang ^a,^{⁎
The authors contributed equally as first authors.}, Yu-Chun Tung ^b,^{⁎
The authors contributed equally as first authors.}, Wen-Fu Wang ^a, Hsiang-Ju Chung ^c, Hui-Yi Liao ^c, Ling-Chun Huang ^g,^h,^i,^j, Chih-Cheng Hsu ^c,^d,^e,^f,^⁎ , Yuan-Han Yang ^c,^g,^h,^i,^j,^⁎

^a Neurological Institute, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan

^b Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

^c National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Yunlin, Taiwan

^d Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Maioli, Taiwan

^e Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

^f Department of Family Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan

^g Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Gangshan Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

^h Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

ⁱ Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

^j School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

^# Corresponding authors: Chih-Cheng Hsu, Address: No. 35, Keyan Rd. Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan. Telephone: +886-37-206166 ext. 36336; Fax: +886-37-586261. Address: No. 35, Keyan Rd. Zhunan, Miaoli County Taiwan ^## Yuan-Han Yang, Address: No. 100, Sec. 1, Tzyou Rd, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Telephone: +886-7-3121101-5408; Fax: +886-7-3162158. Address: No. 100, Sec. 1, Tzyou Rd, Kaohsiung City Taiwan

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Abstract

Background

Caring for people with both dementia and advanced care needs is complex. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence of dementia and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patients receiving advanced care, including tube feeding, respiratory care, subcutaneous injection, urinary catheter, stoma care or enema, wound care, pain care, or dialysis.

Methods

This study was a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional survey. A total of 11,297 participants were enrolled between September 2020 and June 2022 using a multistage stratified systematic sampling design. Dementia diagnosis was made by subspecialists during in-home visit or by expert consensus. The presence of BPSD and the use of specific advanced care services were collected by trained interviewers.

Results

Overall, 732 (6.5%) participants received at least one item of advanced care and 975 (8.6%) were diagnosed with dementia. Participants receiving advanced care had a higher prevalence of dementia (18.0% vs. 8.0%, p < 0.0001). Subjects receiving stoma or enema care (OR=4.92, 95% CI=2.29-10.59, p < 0.0001), tube feeding (OR=3.20, 95%CI=1.99-5.15, p < 0.0001), dialysis (OR=2.97, 95% CI=1.80-4.92, p < 0.0001), urinary catheterization or intermittent catheterization (OR=2.20, 95% CI=1.32-3.67, p=0.003), and respiratory care (OR=2.01, 95% CI=1.14-3.57, p =0.017) had a significantly higher risk of dementia. For BPSD, day–night confusion (42.0% vs. 27.9%, p =0.002) and care-resistant behaviors (19.8% vs. 12.0%, p =0.019) were significantly more prevalent in participants receiving advanced care.

Conclusions

This study found that patients receiving advanced care had a significantly higher prevalence of dementia and BPSD in Taiwanese population. Healthcare professionals should be vigilant regarding potential comorbid dementia in patients receiving advanced care and provide more patient-centered approaches or non-pharmacological interventions to alleviate BPSD and reduce care partner’s loading.

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Key words : Dementia, BPSD, prevalence, tube feeding, enema, dialysis