The ongoing war in Ukraine has substantially increased the need for treatment of trauma- and stress-related mental health problems, including among patients with heterogeneous and comorbid clinical presentations.

This study examined changes in PTSD symptoms, anxiety, and depression following participation in a multimodal inpatient rehabilitation program for stress- and trauma-related disorders.

A naturalistic pre–post observational study was conducted in an inpatient crisis center in Ukraine. The approximately four-week multimodal program combined individualized pharmacological treatment, a standardized 16-session group psychotherapy program, individual psychological consultations, and supplementary therapeutic activities. During the study period, 250 unique patients were admitted to the program, of whom 198 (79.2%) completed rehabilitation. The primary analysis included 159 participants with complete pre- and post-treatment assessment data. Outcomes were assessed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Significant reductions were observed across all primary outcomes. Mean PCL-5 scores decreased from 43.75 (SD = 15.54) at baseline to 27.07 (SD = 16.36) post-treatment, t(158) = 12.72, p < .001, d = 1.01. HADS anxiety scores decreased from 10.88 (SD = 4.12) to 7.22 (SD = 4.03), t(158) = 11.25, p < .001, d = 0.89, and HADS depression scores decreased from 9.27 (SD = 4.43) to 5.99 (SD = 4.08), t(158) = 10.16, p < .001, d = 0.81.

Participation in the multimodal inpatient rehabilitation program was associated with substantial reductions in PTSD symptoms, anxiety, and depression. These findings suggest that structured multimodal inpatient rehabilitation may be a feasible treatment approach for heterogeneous clinical populations in resource-constrained wartime settings. Given the uncontrolled naturalistic design and the concurrent use of pharmacological and multiple psychosocial interventions, the observed symptom changes cannot be causally attributed to the program as a whole or to any individual treatment component.