Climate change increasingly affects human, animal, and environmental health, while also intensifying social vulnerability and ethical challenges. Although One Health and health promotion offer potentially complementary approaches, their articulation in the literature remains fragmented.

This scoping review followed Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and PRISMA-ScR recommendations. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and LILACS for studies published from 1 January 2019 to 14 August 2024 in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. After screening and eligibility assessment, 115 studies were included.

The literature showed that climate-related health risks are strongly shaped by social inequalities, territorial vulnerability, and uneven adaptive capacity. Four major analytical domains were identified: climate-related health risks and vulnerability; governance, policies, and intersectoral responses; One Health, ecosystems, and infectious disease dynamics; and ethical and public health challenges. Overall, One Health was more frequently operationalized in surveillance and ecosystem-related debates, whereas health promotion appeared more often in community-based and policy-oriented approaches. Bioethical issues such as justice, responsibility, solidarity, vulnerability, and intergenerational concern were recurrent, although often insufficiently integrated into implementation frameworks.

The findings suggest that the intersections between climate change, One Health, and health promotion are increasingly recognized but remain only partially integrated in research and practice. More coherent responses require intersectoral governance, stronger professional training, and ethically grounded public health strategies committed to equity and sustainability.