The relative efficacy of sensory modalities in driving insulin release, salivary secretion, appetite, and food intake: A systematic review and meta-analysis - 26/10/26
, Yingying Zhang a, ⁎
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Highlights |
• | Food sensory cues may modulate insulin release, salivation, appetite, and food intake. |
• | Gustatory and tactile stimulation may influence salivation, while olfactory cues may affect appetite. |
• | Food sensory stimulation may aid nutrition, but long-term clinical studies are needed. |
Abstract |
Background |
Food sensory stimulation may influence eating behavior, but the effects of different stimulation patterns have not been systematically compared.
Objective |
To quantify the effects of food sensory stimulation on insulin release, salivary secretion, appetite, and food intake, and compare the efficacy of those sensory modalities.
Methods |
We systematically searched five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Embase) for controlled human studies comparing visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, modified sham-feeding, or multisensory stimulation. Studies without an eligible comparator or relevant outcome were excluded. RCTs and non-RCTs were synthesized separately using random-effects meta-analysis when compatible numerical data were available and otherwise summarized qualitatively.
Results |
We included 22 reports comprising 24 studies (6 RCTs, 18 non-RCTs) and 1008 adults (413 men, 595 women). Participants were predominantly healthy; two cohorts were women with obesity. The oldest cohort had a mean age of 72.4 years. RCTs showed increased salivary secretion (SMD = 1.04, 95% CI [0.64, 1.45], P < 0.0001) but no clear overall effect on food intake (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI [−0.25, 0.88], P = 0.2742). Insulin release and appetite were each assessed in one RCT and synthesized narratively. Non-RCTs indicated increases in insulin release (SMD = 0.95, 95% CI [0.24, 1.66], P = 0.0088), salivary secretion (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI [0.38, 1.18], P = 0.0002), appetite (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI [0.29, 0.79], P < 0.0001), and food intake (SMD = 0.19, 95% CI [0.02, 0.35], P = 0.0282).
Conclusion |
RCT evidence suggests that food sensory stimulation increases salivary secretion but has uncertain effect on food intake. Non-RCT evidence indicates potential benefits across all four outcomes, although evidence for insulin release and appetite is limited. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm these effects and clarify differences between sensory modalities.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Abbreviations : CPR, SMD, RCTs, BMI, VAS, RoB 2, ROBINS-I
Keywords : Food sensory stimulation, Insulin release, Salivary secretion, Appetite, Food intake, Cephalic phase response
Plan
Vol 30 - N° 12
Article 101011- décembre 2026 Retour au numéro
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