This article focuses on recent advances and current recommendations for several major digestive diseases. These disorders include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastropathy, H. pylori associated ulcer disease, colon cancer screening, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. This is intended to be a general review with emphasis on the most recent guidelines and therapeutic innovations in gastroenterology. Specifically, in regard to these disorders, the following issues are reviewed: therapy for GERD, selective NSAIDs and their reduced propensity for gastrointestinal injury, the role of H. pylori in the development of peptic ulcer disease, current guidelines for colon cancer screening, immunomodulatory therapy in inflammatory bowel disease, serotonin receptor therapy in irritable bowel syndrome, and antiviral therapy in Hepatitis B and C.