Objectives. Ureteral endoscopic surgery has been proposed as the first step of nephroureterectomy, either open or laparoscopic, to obviate the low abdominal incision. We present our experience with a technique of one-incision nephroureterectomy endoscopically assisted by transurethral ureteral stripping.

Methods. Standard nephrectomy is performed after placement of a Chevassu ureteral catheter. The lumbar ureter is sectioned and the catheter tip tied to the top of the distal portion of the ureter, which is later intussuscepted when the catheter is pulled out. Transurethral resection through the muscular wall and into the perivesical fat is performed around the everted ureteral orifice, and the bladder spontaneously closes with an indwelling Foley catheter. Since 1989, we have used this technique in 21 patients with urothelial malignancies of the renal pelvis or calyces (15 patients), renal cell carcinoma (2 patients), renal cholesteatoma (1 patient), or reflux nephropathy (3 patients).

Results. Two patients required a low abdominal incision for removal of retained ureter after unsuccessful stripping. The rest underwent this procedure without complications or adverse effects. Mean follow-up was 44.6 ± 11.4 months (range 4 to 76). Three patients presented with bladder tumor but no recurrences were detected in the resected area of the bladder or the retroperitoneum.

Conclusions. Endoscopically assisted nephroureterectomy allows removal of an adequate cuff of bladder with the distal ureter and generally obviates extending the incision or performing a second one. It can be an attractive option in selected cases, without apparent risk of neoplastic urine contamination in the retroperitoneum.