Syphilis is a well-known disease by the medical community. In the age where penicillin was not available, the secondary and even tertiary syphilis symptoms were very common. With the development of new diagnostic methods, as well as with the discovery of penicillin, these symptoms tend to disappear, and become rare to new doctors in the developed countries.

With the spread of new diseases as AIDS, symptoms associated with secondary and tertiary syphilis tend to reaper in the developed countries.

Our aim is to present a case study regarding a 49 years old male, with previous diagnostic of psychosis.

After several studies and medical hypothesis not sustained by the investigations develop by several doctors over the years, the patient presented with neurological and psychiatry symptoms suggesting an early dementia. The neurological examinations, associated with the CT scan sustained this hypothesis.

A positive blood test for Treponema Pallidum was found. Furthermore an examination of the CSF turned positive for Treponema Pallidum as well, helping to establish the diagnostic of neurosyphilis.