Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) are rare neoplasms with variable clinical behavior. Their classification is based on hormonal functionality and genetic context, being divided into functional and non-functional tumors, as well as sporadic and hereditary. Diagnosis requires a comprehensive approach that includes hormonal studies, molecular markers, imaging and histopathological evaluation. Staging, based on systems such as AJCC and ENETS, guides therapeutic decisions, ranging from surgical resection to systemic therapy and radionuclides. This review presents a critical synthesis of the latest evidence on epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, classification, biomarkers, staging and treatment of pNETs.