The discovery of the Duffy antigen is of great significance, given its essential role in immune response and various physiological processes. Genetic mutations in the Duffy gene not only affect antigen expression but also result in different antigen types. This underscores the importance of genetic characterization for clinical studies and exploring genetic diversity within the population. This study primarily aims to genetically characterize the Duffy blood group within three Algerian populations: the Zenata, Reguibat, and Oran populations.

The genetic polymorphism of the Duffy erythrocyte group was examined, focusing on five allelic versions of the ACKR1 locus: FY*01, FY*02, FY*X, and silent alleles FY*01 N.01 and FY*02 N.01. A total of 223 Algerian individuals, including 90 from the Oran population, 66 from the Zenata population, and 67 from the Reguibat population, were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method.

The results revealed the presence of the silent alleles (FY*01 N.01 and FY*02 N.01) in all three populations, with a total frequency of 78.03% in the Zenata population. Additionally, the FY*X allele was exclusively detected in the Reguibat population, with a frequency of 0.75%

This study provides valuable insights into the allele and genotypic frequencies of the Duffy system in the Zenata, Reguibat and Oranpopulations, contributing to our understanding of the genetic history and origins of the Algerian population. Further research incorporating additional genetic markers and establishing a comprehensive database would enhance our knowledge in this area.