To investigate whether the photoreceptor layer status of the detached retina, which has the potential to plug the macular hole (MH), can predict postoperative visual acuity (VA).

Retrospective, consecutive, observational case series.

A consecutive series of 48 eyes in 48 patients with surgically closed MHs were recruited into the study. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) images were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively. Length gaps between photoreceptor layers and the preoperative diameter of the basal MH in the detached part of the retina was calculated for the photoreceptor outer segment (OS) and the external limiting membrane (ELM). The postoperative photoreceptor layer status at the fovea, including continuity of the ELM line, inner segment ellipsoid line (ISe), and cone outer segment tip (COST) line, was categorized by graders.

The preoperative OS gap length and ELM gap length correlated significantly with postoperative VA. A larger OS or ELM gap length was associated with a more severe postoperative photoreceptor layer status. Eyes with a moderately reflective lesion had a significantly longer OS gap length and ELM gap length, significantly worse postoperative VA, and more severe photoreceptor layer status than did eyes without such a moderately reflective lesion. Eyes with a better postoperative COST status had significantly better postoperative VA (P = .0465).

OS and ELM gap length, which represent the degree of insufficiency of MH plugging, was strongly correlated with postoperative VA; moreover, these preoperative parameters were associated with the postoperative photoreceptor layer status, including glial cell proliferation.