The main indications for chest wall resection continue to be tumors, infection, and radiation injury. Complications surrounding chest wall resection procedures include respiratory failure, wound complications, and prosthetic complications. The main risk factors for complications are size of defect, age, and concomitant lung resection. Most complications related to either the wound or the prosthesis are late postoperative events. The identification of complications related to chest wall reconstruction requires clinical examination and the use of detailed imaging studies. The management of both prosthetic and wound complications often requires reoperation and removal of the prosthesis combined with soft tissue wound management.