Cardiac Syndrome X : Update - 12/11/15
, C. Noel Bairey Merz, MD bRésumé |
Cardiac Syndrome X (CSX), characterized by angina-like chest discomfort, ST segment depression during exercise, and normal epicardial coronary arteries at angiography, is highly prevalent in women. CSX is not benign, and linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes and a poor quality of life. Coronary microvascular and endothelial dysfunction and abnormal cardiac nociception have been implicated in the pathogenesis of CSX. Treatment includes life-style modification, anti-anginal, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-ischemic medications. Non-pharmacological options include cognitive behavioral therapy, enhanced external counterpulsation, neurostimulation, and stellate ganglionectomy. Studies have shown the efficacy of individual treatments but guidelines outlining the best course of therapy are lacking.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Cardiac syndrome X, Angina, Ischemia, Microvascular endothelial dysfunction, Myocardial hypersensitivity
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| This article originally appeared in Cardiology Clinics, Volume 32, Issue 3, August 2014. |
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| This work was supported by contracts from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, N01-HV-68161, N01-HV-68162, N01-HV-68163, N01-HV-68164, grants K23HL105787, U0164829, U01 HL649141, U01 HL649241, T32HL69751, R01 HL090957, 1R03AG032631 from the National Institute on Aging, GCRC grant MO1-RR00425 from the National Center for Research Resources and grants from the Gustavus and Louis Pfeiffer Research Foundation, Danville, NJ, The Women’s Guild of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, The Ladies Hospital Aid Society of Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA, and QMED, Laurence Harbor, NJ, the Edythe L. Broad Women’s Heart Research Fellowship, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, and the Barbra Streisand Women’s Cardiovascular Research and Education Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, and the Linda Joy Pollin Women’s Heart Health Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles. |
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| Disclosures: None of the authors has any relevant conflicts of interest to disclose. |
Vol 12 - N° 1
P. 141-156 - janvier 2016 Retour au numéro
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