To assess the role of transition zone prostate-specific antigen density (TZPSAD) in determining rebiopsy strategy in men with prostate inflammation at initial biopsy.

Analysis was performed on data derived from transrectal ultrasound–guided prostate biopsy registry containing 2461 men who underwent biopsy between March 2005 and January 2015. Eligible patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of chronic inflammation in prostate. Group 1 consisted of 920 patients with histopathologic evidence of chronic inflammation and group 2 consisted of 1287 patients with no evidence of inflammation. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the accuracy of PSA, PSA density (PSAD), and TZPSAD for detecting prostate cancer (PCa) in each group. Patients who underwent rebiopsy during the study period were further assessed to determine factors that may predict the presence of PCa on subsequent biopsies.

In group 1 patients, at 90% sensitivity for detecting PCa, PSAD and TZPSAD showed 19.7% and 37.8% specificity at cutoff values of 0.10 and 0.27 ng/mL/mL respectively, whereas in group 2 patients, PSAD and TZPSAD revealed 29.8% and 31.4% specificity, respectively. Chronic inflammation at initial biopsy was associated with a significant decrease in the likelihood of cancer detection during rebiopsy (odds ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.99). TZPSAD was found to be capable of sparing 39.8% of unnecessary rebiopsies in group 1 patients, whereas it spared 20.5% of unnecessary rebiopsies in group 2 patients.

Applying TZPSAD is advantageous in determining rebiopsy strategy in patients with proven inflammation of prostate at initial biopsy.