Bone Stress Injuries in Runners - 14/12/15

Doi : 10.1016/j.pmr.2015.08.008

Adam S. Tenforde, MD ^a, Emily Kraus, MD ^b, Michael Fredericson, MD ^c,^⁎
^a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Spaulding National Running Center, 1575 Cambridge St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
^b Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Broadway Street, MC 6120, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
^c Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion A, 2nd Floor MC 6120, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA

^∗Corresponding author.

Résumé

Bone stress injuries (BSIs) are common running injuries and may occur at a rate of 20% annually. Both biological and biomechanical risk factors contribute to BSI. Evaluation of a runner with suspected BSI includes completing an appropriate history and physical examination. MRI grading classification for BSI has been proposed and may guide return to play. Management includes activity modification, optimizing nutrition, and addressing risk factors, including the female athlete triad. BSI prevention strategies include screening for risk factors during preparticipation evaluations, optimizing nutrition (including adequate caloric intake, calcium, and vitamin D), and promoting ball sports during childhood and adolescence.

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Keywords : Stress fractures, Runners, Female athlete triad, Track and field, Cross-country