Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) is the second most common source of positive blood cultures, after Escherichia coli, reported within NHS Scotland. Laboratory surveillance has been mandatory in Scotland for SAB since 2001.

To gain an understanding of the epidemiology of SAB cases and associated risk factors for healthcare and true community onset. Identification of these factors and the patient populations at greatest risk enables the development of focused improvement plans.

All NHS boards within NHS Scotland take part in the mandatory enhanced surveillance, with data collected by trained data collectors using nationally agreed definitions.

Between 1^st October 2014 and 31^st March 2016, 2256 episodes of SAB in adults were identified. The blood cultures were taken in 58 hospitals and across all 15 Scottish health boards. The data demonstrated that approximately one-third of all SAB cases are true community cases. Vascular access devices continue to be the most reported entry point (25.7%) in individuals who receive health care, whereas skin and soft tissue risk factors are present in all origins. A significant risk factor unique to community cases is illicit drug injection.

Improvement plans for reduction of SAB should be targeted more widely than hospital care settings alone.