Extended left internal thoracic artery (LITA) harvesting allows maximal grafting to the anterior and lateral walls with a single ITA conduit. This study evaluates outcomes following the use of a LITA Y graft as the primary grafting strategy.

Patients who underwent LITA composite Y-grafting (n=198) between 1995 and 2009 were identified from a cardiac surgical database. Follow-up (mean 13.1 years) was obtained by cross-reference with the state death registry and local cardiology databases.

Operative mortality was zero in the 168 patients who underwent isolated CABG and was 3.5% overall. There were no episodes of perioperative myocardial infarction. Kaplan-Meier 10-year survival was 75.9%. Independent predictors of worse late survival were age, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pre-existing left ventricular dysfunction. There were 53 episodes of post-discharge angiography at an average of 5.8 years post LITA Y grafting. Twenty cases of LITA Y graft failure were identified, predominantly affecting the free limb (n=15). The ratio of symptom driven angiography to Y graft failure increased over time. Eighteen patients required revascularisation, percutaneous intervention in 15 and reoperative coronary bypass in three.

Left Internal Thoracic Artery Y grafting is a feasible revascularisation strategy with satisfactory outcomes. These are comparable to other arterial composite graft configurations. A LITA Y allows efficient conduit use without compromising the in situ LITA graft.