Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prevalent in the elderly population, with high impact on quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. The diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms and spirometry values that support the presence of airflow obstruction. However, the condition is frequently underdiagnosed. COPD is associated with premature aging and several other medical conditions that can partially explain its underdiagnosis and management. There are several pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions proven to be effective in ameliorating the symptoms of COPD. Appropriate drug delivery and reduction of side effects is also pivotal in the management of patients with COPD.