Pediatric stroke is a distinct clinical entity as compared with that in adults due to its unique and diverse set of etiologies. Furthermore, the role and application of diagnostic imaging has specific constraints and considerations. The intention of this article is to review these concepts in a thorough manner to offer a pediatric stroke imaging framework that providers can employ when taking care of these patients.

A comprehensive primary and secondary literature review was performed with specific attention to the common causes of pediatric stroke, appropriate use of neuroimaging, specific imaging findings, and developing techniques which may improve our ability to accurately diagnose these patients.

Findings from this literature review were synthesized and summarized in order to thoroughly review the aforementioned concepts and outline the current consensus-based approach to diagnostic imaging in pediatric stroke. Furthermore, imaging findings drawn from patients seen in our institution are demonstrated to familiarize readers with pediatric stroke neuroimaging.

The challenges posed by pediatric stroke can be mitigated, in part, by the thoughtful application of diagnostic imaging, with the ultimate hope of improving outcomes for these vulnerable patients.