A case-control study into risk factors for acute hepatitis E in the Netherlands, 2015–2017 - 19/04/19
, Harry Vennema , Wilfrid van Pelt , Eelco Franz , Agnetha Hofhuis Highlights |
• | A large patient-control study identified traditional Dutch dry raw sausages, called “cervelaat”, “snijworst”, “boerenmetworst” as the main transmission routes for hepatitis E virus to the general population of the Netherlands. |
• | The prevalence and cause of HEV contamination in these sausages of raw pork muscle meat require further investigation. |
• | Strong, yet rarely reported risk factors for acute hepatitis E were direct contact with pigs and working with a septic tank. |
• | Host risk factors were pre-existing liver disease, diabetes, and use of immunosuppressants or gastric acid inhibitors. |
Summary |
Objectives |
A case-control study was performed (2015–2017) to identify risk factors for acute hepatitis E in the Netherlands.
Methods |
A questionnaire on potential sources of hepatitis E virus (HEV) exposure, health and socio-demographics was completed by 376 patients with acute hepatitis E, and 1534 controls matched for age, gender and region of residence.
Results |
Traditional Dutch dry raw sausages of pork muscle meat, called “cervelaat”, “snijworst”, and “boerenmetworst” were reported by 72% of the patients, and 46% of controls (aOR 3.0; 95%CI 2.2–4.1), with a population attributable fraction (PAF) of 48%. Direct contact with pigs and working with a septic tank were strong risk factors (aOR 3.1; 95%CI 1.3–7.3 and aOR 6.9; 95%CI 1.2–40.8, respectively), with a low PAF (2% and 1%, respectively). Host risk factors were pre-existing liver disease (aOR 3.8; 95%CI 2.0–7.1), diabetes (aOR 2.1; 95%CI 1.4–3.2), immunosuppressive medication (aOR 2.5; 95%CI 1.5–4.1), and gastric acid inhibitors (aOR 2.3; 95%CI 1.7–3.1).
Conclusions |
Dry raw pork sausages were the major source of HEV infection among our study population. The prevalence and cause of HEV contamination in these pork muscle meat products require further investigation. Infrequently reported, yet strong risk factors were contact with pigs, or a septic tank.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Hepatitis E virus, Risk factors, Transmission routes, Host risk factors, Zoonoses
Plan
Vol 78 - N° 5
P. 373-381 - mai 2019 Retour au numéro
Article précédent
- Discovery of a potential MCR-1 inhibitor that reverses polymyxin activity against clinical mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae
- Yonglin Zhou, Jianfeng Wang, Yan Guo, Xingqi Liu, Shunli Liu, Xiaodi Niu, Yang Wang, Xuming Deng
- Novel genetically-modified chimpanzee adenovirus and MVA-vectored respiratory syncytial virus vaccine safely boosts humoral and cellular immunity in healthy older adults
- Christopher A. Green, Charles J. Sande, Elisa Scarselli, Stefania Capone, Alessandra Vitelli, Alfredo Nicosia, Laura Silva-Reyes, Amber J. Thompson, Catherine M. de Lara, Kathryn S. Taylor, Kathryn Haworth, Claire L. Hutchings, Tamsin Cargill, Brian Angus, Paul Klenerman, Andrew J. Pollard
Bienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
L’accès au texte intégral de cet article nécessite un abonnement.
Déjà abonné à cette revue ?