Postnatal Nutrient Repartitioning due to Adaptive Developmental Programming - 17/05/19

Doi : 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.02.001

Robert J. Posont, HBSC, MS, Dustin T. Yates, BS, MS, PhD ^⁎
Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, PO Box 830908, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA

^∗Corresponding author.

Résumé

Fetal stress induces developmental adaptations that result in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birthweight. These adaptations reappropriate nutrients to the most essential tissues, which benefits fetal survival. The same adaptations are detrimental to growth efficiency and carcass value in livestock, however, because muscle is disproportionally targeted. IUGR adipocytes, liver tissues, and pancreatic β-cells also exhibit functional adaptations. Identifying mechanisms underlying adaptive changes is fundamental to improving outcomes and value in low birthweight livestock. The article outlines studies that have begun to identify stress-induced fetal adaptations affecting growth, metabolism, and differential nutrient utilization in IUGR-born animals.

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Keywords : Developmental origins of health and disease, Fetal adaptations, Fetal stress, Nutrient repartitioning, Thrifty phenotype

Plan

Key points

Introduction

The intrauterine growth restriction phenotype

Intrauterine Growth Restriction Is a Product of Developmental Adaptations

Intrauterine Growth Restriction Adaptations Persist in Offspring

Postnatal growth characteristics in intrauterine growth restriction–born livestock

Low Birthweight Animals Exhibit Altered Body Composition

Skeletal Muscle Growth Is Disproportionally Reduced

Skeletal Muscle Protein Accretion Is Reduced

Tissue-specific metabolic changes in intrauterine growth restriction livestock

Skeletal Muscle Glucose Metabolism Is Altered

Fat Deposition Is Increased

Changes in Hepatic Function Contribute to Metabolic Dysfunction

β-Cell Dysfunction Impairs Insulin Secretion

Summary

The authors (R.P., D.Y.) have no commercial or financial conflicts of interest to declare. This project was partially supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences Grant 1P20GM104320 (J. Zempleni, Director), the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station with funding from the Hatch Act (NEB-26-224) and Hatch Multistate Research capacity funding program (NEB-26-226, NEB-26-225) through the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.